SUBSTRATE
Substrate is a fancy way to describe the material you chose to line your ball python's enclosure. You have four main options to consider when selecting substrate for your new ball python:
Paper
Paper is one option for substrate. It is easy to find, inexpensive, and easy to change. You can use different types of paper including unprinted newspaper and paper towels. One problem with paper is it does not mask any odors, so you have to clean your snake's enclosure several times a week. The paper is not very pretty or natural looking. The paper does not hold humidity.
Coconut Fiber
Coconut fiber is a good choice to help with maintaining humidity and for odor control. There are a number of different coconut fiber mixtures sold. The most widely used coconut bedding comes in compressed brick that must be soaked to expand. The soaking takes a little time.
The coconut fiber can also become expensive. It is very nice for creating a natural looking environment. There is a large debate among keepers as to how safe it is if your ball python eats some fiber during feeding.
Fir tree bark
Small chunks of fir tree bark make up this substrate. This bedding maintains some humidity and gives a very naturalistic look to your enclosure. The bark is a little pricey and is not very easy to clean. The accidental ingestion of this bedding is a concern to some keepers.
Reptile Carpet
Another option is reptile carpet. The carpet is not a very good choice for ball pythons because it does not hold humidity and is difficult to clean.